The Galapagos marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) is a unique species found exclusively on the Galapagos Islands. It's the only iguana in the world that can swim and feed underwater. These fascinating creatures have evolved to thrive in the harsh coastal environment of the Galapagos, where they can often be seen basking on rocky shores to regulate their body temperature.
Marine iguanas have specialized glands that allow them to expel excess salt from their bodies, a crucial adaptation for surviving in their salty habitat. They primarily feed on algae growing on underwater rocks, diving to depths of up to 30 feet (9 meters) to forage for food.
These iguanas exhibit remarkable variation in size, color, and behavior across different islands in the archipelago, a phenomenon that has fascinated scientists studying evolutionary processes. They play a vital role in the Galapagos ecosystem, contributing to nutrient cycling and serving as prey for predators like Galapagos hawks and snakes.
Despite their ability to swim and forage underwater, marine iguanas face threats from introduced species, habitat loss, and climate change. Conservation efforts are underway to protect these iconic reptiles and preserve the unique biodiversity of the Galapagos Islands.
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